Linux: How to use basic commands [Part 2]
The following commands are centered around storage in Linux.
Most of them are not too hard to understand, and they're pretty useful to know when you're starting:
Storage commands:
mount mount a file system
umount unmount
fsck check and repair file system
fdisk manipulate disk partition table
mkfs create a filesystem
dd convert and copy a file
genisoimage (mkisofs) create an iso 9660 image file
wodim (cdrecord) write data to optical storage media
md5sum Calculate an MD5 checksum
/etc/fstab lists the devices mounted at boot time
Devices are in /dev
/dev/fd* floppy disks
/dev/hd* IDE disks
/dev/lp* printers
/dev/sd* SCSI disks (PATA/SATA Hard disks, flash drives, SSD...)
/dev/sr* Optical drives (CD/DVD readers and burners)
To know the name of a new device, use journalctl and G (on Arch Linux)
lsblk to check the mounted devices
Format the partition, not the device (sdc1 not sdc)
sudo mkfs -t vfat /dev/sd* format in FAT32
ext4 /dev/sd* format in ext4
Be careful with dd. Do not mistype "if" or "of".
dd copies blocks of data from one place to another.
dd if=input_file of=output_file [bs=block_size[count=blocks]]
dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/sdc copy everything from sdb to sdc
dd if=/dev/sdb of=flash_drive.img copy to ordinady file
dd if=/dev/cdrom or=ubuntu.iso make a copy of cd into a iso file
(doesn't work for audio CD)
Most of my studying of Linux was done using the book: The Linux Command Line by William Shotts, while daily driving Arch Linux.
I highly recommend the book for anyone wanting to learn Linux.
